In the Native American cultures of the Southwestern United States—specifically among the Hopi, Navajo, and Zuni peoples—the Kachina (or Katsina) embodies spirits from both the visible and invisible worlds. Kachinas represent the vital forces present in all things, such as rain, the sun, the wind, animals, plants, and ancestors.

The Three Dimensions of the Kachina

Kachinas are represented in three complementary forms during rituals:

Cosmic spirits:

These are the invisible forces of nature—such as rain, the sun, the wind, fire, animals, or ancestors—that bring health, fertility, and abundant harvests.

Ritual dancers:

For six months of the year, from the winter solstice until July, men from the village don masks and costumes during sacred ceremonies to physically embody these spirits.

Ritual dolls or Tihu:

Traditionally carved from cottonwood roots, these colorful figurines are given to children—especially young girls—at the end of festivals to teach them about mythology and help them become familiar with the spiritual world.